食(shi)品(pin)中農藥殘(can)留(liu)應(ying)如何檢測(ce)，樣品(pin)處(chu)理技術1.食(shi)品(pin)中農藥殘(can)留(liu)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)食(shi)品(pin)農藥殘(can)留(liu)檢測(ce)中，根(gen)據樣品(pin)不(bu)同采用(yong)的提(ti)取(qu)(qu)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有：浸漬(zi)(zi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、漂洗法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、振(zhen)蕩法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、超聲波萃取(qu)(qu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、－索氏提(ti)取(qu)(qu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)及高速均質法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。浸漬(zi)(zi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、漂洗法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、振(zhen)蕩法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)樣品(pin)處(chu)理時間較長，且回收(shou)率相對不(bu)高，已不(bu)太常用(yong)。消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)需加(jia)(jia)入(ru)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)劑并加(jia)(jia)熱處(chu)理，易使部分(fen)農藥分(fen)解，故(gu)不(bu)常用(yong)。

索氏(shi)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)：為經典提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)方(fang)法(fa)，其(qi)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)破(po)碎樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)預先包(bao)好放入索氏(shi)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)器(qi)中，在(zai)圓底(di)燒瓶(ping)中加入提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劑(有(you)機溶劑)，加熱使索氏(shi)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劑揮發(fa)并在(zai)索氏(shi)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)中冷(leng)凝(ning)下來(lai)，浸(jin)泡提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，使其(qi)農(nong)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)物(wu)等浸(jin)出(chu)。當提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)液達到一定(ding)(ding)高度自動(dong)流回到圓底(di)燒瓶(ping)中，如此連續(xu)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)數小時(shi)(shi)，提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)效果(guo)好，是(shi)上(shang)的(de)(de)標(biao)準方(fang)法(fa)。但樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)處理(li)時(shi)(shi)間太長(chang)，干擾物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)較多，不適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于多殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)快(kuai)速檢(jian)測(ce)。超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)粉碎后(hou)加入提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劑，在(zai)超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波儀上(shang)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)5min～15min。該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)具有(you)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)效果(guo)好，時(shi)(shi)間短的(de)(de)優點(dian)，已普遍(bian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)。農(nong)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)快(kuai)速檢(jian)測(ce)儀高速均(jun)質(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)：將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)切碎的(de)(de)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加入提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劑在(zai)高速均(jun)質(zhi)(zhi)機上(shang)均(jun)質(zhi)(zhi)數分(fen)鐘(zhong)，在(zai)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)極(ji)細顆粒狀(zhuang)態下萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)農(nong)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)。此方(fang)法(fa)簡便、快(kuai)速且(qie)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)效果(guo)好，為美國(guo)、歐洲及我國(guo)農(nong)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)普遍(bian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)。提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)液凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)法(fa)常用(yong)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)：液－液分(fen)配法(fa)、吸附柱層析法(fa)、磺化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)、凝(ning)結沉(chen)淀法(fa)、冷(leng)凍法(fa)、固相萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)、凝(ning)膠(jiao)色(se)譜(pu)(pu)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)等。固相萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)(SPE)：通(tong)過流動(dong)相中樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)不同(tong)組分(fen)在(zai)固定(ding)(ding)相上(shang)吸附能(neng)力的(de)(de)不同(tong)有(you)選(xuan)擇地將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)物(wu)吸附，然后(hou)再(zai)選(xuan)擇適(shi)(shi)當溶劑將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)洗脫，從而達到提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。它可以(yi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，而且(qie)可以(yi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)所需(xu)樣濃縮(suo)。因此更(geng)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于微(wei)量、痕(hen)量農(nong)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)。凝(ning)膠(jiao)滲透色(se)譜(pu)(pu)純(chun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系統(tong)(GPC)：適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)分(fen)子物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)。GPC凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系統(tong)主要用(yong)于水果(guo)、奶類、蔬菜、糧(liang)食、肉類、茶葉、煙(yan)草、食用(yong)油的(de)(de)農(nong)殘(can)(can)(can)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)處理(li)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。

食品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)農藥(yao)殘留(liu)的檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測方法1.食品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)農藥(yao)殘留(liu)快速檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測方法(1)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)用于農藥(yao)殘留(liu)的免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)有放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)析(RIA)和酶(mei)(mei)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)析(EIA)兩(liang)種。兩(liang)種技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)基本原(yuan)理相同，即抗原(yuan)與抗體反應(ying)(ying)形成(cheng)(cheng)抗原(yuan)抗體復合物(wu)(wu)(wu)。RIA技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)以放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)性同位(wei)素作(zuo)指示劑(ji)，然后用γ射(she)(she)(she)線(xian)探測儀(yi)或(huo)閃爍計數器測定γ射(she)(she)(she)線(xian)或(huo)β射(she)(she)(she)線(xian)的放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)強度(du)。而在EIA技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)中(zhong)，用生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)酶(mei)(mei)作(zuo)標記物(wu)(wu)(wu)。酶(mei)(mei)與底物(wu)(wu)(wu)發生(sheng)特異(yi)性反應(ying)(ying)，生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)的產物(wu)(wu)(wu)與另(ling)一種物(wu)(wu)(wu)質產生(sheng)顏色反應(ying)(ying)或(huo)使紫外吸光(guang)值發生(sheng)改變，用分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)計測定底物(wu)(wu)(wu)液吸光(guang)值變化推算出被(bei)測物(wu)(wu)(wu)濃度(du)。RIA由于使用放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)性物(wu)(wu)(wu)質，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測設(she)備昂(ang)貴且(qie)需要防輻射(she)(she)(she)設(she)備，并(bing)且(qie)需要**技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)操作(zuo)，應(ying)(ying)用前(qian)景受到一定限(xian)制。EIA技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)相對(dui)RIA技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)具(ju)有靈(ling)敏度(du)高(gao)，特異(yi)性強，成(cheng)(cheng)本低，簡便(bian)快捷，自(zi)動化程度(du)高(gao)，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測方法多樣并(bing)且(qie)安全等優點。EIA技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，尤其是酶(mei)(mei)聯免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)吸附技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(ELISA)，已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為目(mu)前(qian)使用普及的免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)析技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。

我國(guo)20世(shi)(shi)紀90年(nian)代開始農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)免疫檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技術研究，主要是(shi)(shi)ELISA方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。目前我國(guo)學(xue)者(zhe)在這(zhe)領域仍處(chu)于(yu)摸索階段，在分子農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)與載體蛋白的(de)聯結，抗體的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)備，ELISA檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)條(tiao)件摸索和試劑(ji)盒研制(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)方(fang)面與國(guo)外(wai)(wai)比還有(you)很大差距。目前國(guo)外(wai)(wai)已研制(zhi)(zhi)出幾(ji)十種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)酶(mei)(mei)免檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試劑(ji)盒，包括(kuo)有(you)機(ji)磷(lin)(lin)、氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)酯(zhi)類(lei)(lei)、硫化(hua)氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)酯(zhi)、有(you)機(ji)氯類(lei)(lei)、三嗪類(lei)(lei)、酰(xian)胺類(lei)(lei)等(deng)。酶(mei)(mei)化(hua)學(xue)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)20世(shi)(shi)紀90年(nian)代，我國(guo)學(xue)者(zhe)將(jiang)醫學(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)血液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)膽堿(jian)酯(zhi)酶(mei)(mei)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)原(yuan)理應(ying)用于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)快(kuai)速(su)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。目前有(you)速(su)測(ce)(ce)(ce)卡(ka)(ka)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和酶(mei)(mei)抑制(zhi)(zhi)率法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。酶(mei)(mei)化(hua)學(xue)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)優點是(shi)(shi)投(tou)資少(shao)，速(su)度快(kuai)，操(cao)作簡便。其缺點是(shi)(shi)定(ding)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)夠準(zhun)確，只能測(ce)(ce)(ce)出總量(liang)，不(bu)(bu)能檢(jian)出具體農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)。因此酶(mei)(mei)化(hua)學(xue)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)適用于(yu)批發(fa)市場篩選抽查，生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地自查，也適用于(yu)大型儀器(qi)檢(jian)出前粗選。我國(guo)蔬(shu)菜(cai)、水(shui)果不(bu)(bu)得檢(jian)出的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)，幾(ji)乎都是(shi)(shi)高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)有(you)機(ji)磷(lin)(lin)類(lei)(lei)、氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)酯(zhi)類(lei)(lei)殺蟲劑(ji)。因此酶(mei)(mei)化(hua)學(xue)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)對快(kuai)速(su)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)蔬(shu)菜(cai)、水(shui)果中(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)，初(chu)步判斷其質量(liang)安全(quan)狀況(kuang)，防止因食用蔬(shu)菜(cai)、水(shui)果而發(fa)生(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒具有(you)一定(ding)意義。2001年(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)速(su)測(ce)(ce)(ce)卡(ka)(ka)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和酶(mei)(mei)抑制(zhi)(zhi)率法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)被制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)為國(guo)家標準(zhun)推薦方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。速(su)測(ce)(ce)(ce)卡(ka)(ka)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)基(ji)本原(yuan)理：膽堿(jian)酯(zhi)酶(mei)(mei)可催化(hua)靛酚乙酸(suan)(suan)(suan)酯(zhi)水(shui)解為乙酸(suan)(suan)(suan)與靛酚(呈(cheng)藍色(se)(se))，而有(you)機(ji)磷(lin)(lin)、氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)酯(zhi)類(lei)(lei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)可抑制(zhi)(zhi)膽堿(jian)酯(zhi)酶(mei)(mei)的(de)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)，使催化(hua)水(shui)解，變色(se)(se)過程發(fa)生(sheng)改(gai)變。由此推斷蔬(shu)菜(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)含此類(lei)(lei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)：選取(qu)(qu)有(you)代表性(xing)(xing)樣品(pin)，剪切成1cm見(jian)方(fang)碎片(pian)。取(qu)(qu)5g放入帶蓋(gai)瓶中(zhong)(zhong)，加(jia)入10ml緩沖液(ye)，振(zhen)搖(yao)50次(ci)，靜置(zhi)(zhi)2min，取(qu)(qu)速(su)測(ce)(ce)(ce)卡(ka)(ka)，白色(se)(se)要片(pian)沾取(qu)(qu)提取(qu)(qu)液(ye)，放置(zhi)(zhi)10min以上，將(jiang)卡(ka)(ka)對折，用手捏(nie)3min，使紅色(se)(se)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)片(pian)與白色(se)(se)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)片(pian)疊合發(fa)生(sheng)反(fan)應(ying)。白色(se)(se)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)片(pian)不(bu)(bu)變色(se)(se)或(huo)略有(you)藍色(se)(se)，均為陽性(xing)(xing)，變為深(shen)藍或(huo)與空白對照卡(ka)(ka)相同為陰性(xing)(xing)。

酶抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)法(fa)(分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)法(fa))基(ji)本原理：膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)酯(zhi)酶可使乙(yi)(yi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)解(jie)生成膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)和乙(yi)(yi)酸，水(shui)解(jie)產物與顯色指示劑(ji)作用(yong)(yong)使溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)顯色。有(you)機磷(lin)及(ji)(ji)氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸酯(zhi)類(lei)農(nong)(nong)藥可以抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)酯(zhi)酶活(huo)性。如(ru)果膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)酯(zhi)酶活(huo)性被*抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)不能(neng)使乙(yi)(yi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)解(jie)，不能(neng)與顯色劑(ji)作用(yong)(yong)，溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)為無(wu)色；如(ru)果活(huo)性部分(fen)被抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)，乙(yi)(yi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)部分(fen)，溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)顏色比空白溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)淺。用(yong)(yong)分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)計在一定波長(chang)下測(ce)定其吸(xi)(xi)光(guang)度(du)的(de)變化算出(chu)酶抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)，從而推算出(chu)農(nong)(nong)藥殘留含量。抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)用(yong)(yong)式(shi)(1)表示：I=(A0-At)/A0×100％(1)式(shi)中：I——抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)；A0——正(zheng)常值(zhi)(空白值(zhi))吸(xi)(xi)光(guang)度(du)；At——樣(yang)品(pin)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)吸(xi)(xi)光(guang)度(du)。目(mu)(mu)前(qian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)酶有(you)乙(yi)(yi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)酯(zhi)酶和丁酰(xian)(xian)(xian)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)酯(zhi)酶。底物有(you)乙(yi)(yi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)、丁酰(xian)(xian)(xian)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)、氯(lv)代乙(yi)(yi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)(ji)硫(liu)代乙(yi)(yi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，顯色劑(ji)一般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)5，5’－二硫(liu)代雙(2－硝基(ji)苯甲(jia)酸)。氣象(xiang)色譜(pu)法(fa)(GC)氣象(xiang)色譜(pu)法(fa)具(ju)有(you)選擇性高，分(fen)離效果好(hao)，高靈敏(min)度(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)優點，是目(mu)(mu)前(qian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)多的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，約占(zhan)文獻報道(dao)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)方(fang)法(fa)70％以上我國農(nong)(nong)殘檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)方(fang)法(fa)標(biao)準(zhun)80％以上為氣相法(fa)，氣相色譜(pu)用(yong)(yong)于農(nong)(nong)藥殘留分(fen)析的(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)器主要有(you)ECD、NPD、FPD等(deng)(deng)(deng)，色譜(pu)柱(zhu)大多采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)毛細管(guan)柱(zhu)，檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)農(nong)(nong)藥類(lei)別(bie)有(you)有(you)機氯(lv)、有(you)機磷(lin)、擬除蟲菊(ju)酯(zhi)及(ji)(ji)氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸酯(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

食(shi)品中農(nong)藥(yao)殘留快(kuai)速檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技(ji)術農(nong)藥(yao)殘留快(kuai)速檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技(ji)術是指一(yi)次樣(yang)品處理采用一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)儀器同(tong)時進行(xing)幾十(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甚至(zhi)上百種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)藥(yao)殘留檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。我國(guo)20世紀90年代(dai)末由農(nong)業部(bu)環(huan)保所引(yin)進美國(guo)農(nong)藥(yao)多殘留快(kuai)速掃描(miao)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技(ji)術(MRSM)并結(jie)合中國(guo)國(guo)情進行(xing)了(le)改進。該技(ji)術具有操作簡單(dan)，節省溶劑，檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)速度(du)快(kuai)，檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)靈敏(min)度(du)高等(deng)優點，檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)農(nong)藥(yao)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多達(da)200余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。使用檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)備為2臺氣象色(se)譜儀，1臺液相色(se)譜儀。其(qi)氣相色(se)譜儀采用雙(shuang)FPD和雙(shuang)ECD檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)器及極(ji)性不同(tong)的雙(shuang)柱同(tong)時測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)，定(ding)量(liang)更(geng)準(zhun)確，定(ding)性更(geng)可靠。